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Topological excitations are certain features of classical solutions of gauge field theories. Namely, a gauge field theory on a manifold with a gauge group may possess classical solutions with a (quantized) topological invariant called ''topological charge''. The term ''topological excitation'' especially refers to a situation when the topological charge is an integral of a localized quantity. Examples:〔F. A. Bais, Topological excitations in gauge theories; An introduction from the physical point of view. Springer Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 926 (1982)〕 1) , , the topological charge is called magnetic flux. 2) , , the topological charge is called magnetic charge. The concept of a topological excitation is almost synonymous with that of a topological defect. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「topological excitations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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